External Analysis of My Company & PEST Analysis Research Paper

Outside Analysis of My Company and PEST Analysis - Research Paper Example Financial Factors People’s level of pay to browse less expensive substitutes, costs of crude material Social Factors Taste and interest for chocolates in a specific district Technological components Introduction of new procedures and techniques for creation The company’s natural examination can be attempted by the assistance of PEST investigation. Since Hershey works comprehensively, stress that the nearby factors influencing the organization contrast in different locales. Be that as it may, there are general ecological elements which incorporate political elements. These components can influence the activities of the organization as, for example, the administration of the area where Hershey works corrects its approach identifying with fare and import procedure or may present some other changes at last influencing the tasks of the organization. Then again, laws, for example, work or purchaser products laws, in any district can likewise influence the organization. To all the more likely outline the previously mentioned with model, it must be noticed that today Hershey has built up its quality in Canada and Mexico because of NAFTA (Smith 132). Monetary variables like any adjustments in the economy, for example, costs of sugar, collect of cocoa and so forth., can influence the organization too (Smith 132). The way of life and the pay of the individuals in the locale will likewise influence the company’s deals; it implies that individuals in less created nations may devour less chocolate than they used to do before financial changes. Social variables, for example, people’s taste (for example, more popularity for dim chocolate over white chocolate), will influence company’s focus in some specific market. At long last, innovative components, for example, progressions in mechanical procedure and better approaches for chocolate fabricating, can likewise influence the organization (â€Å"Annual Report† 4, 7). Industry Analysis F ORCES INTENSITY Threats of new participants Low Bargaining intensity of providers High Bargaining intensity of clients Low Pressure from substitute items High Rivalry High Nowadays the chocolate business is by all accounts stale with lacking number of ground-breaking players entering the market due to the enormous capital prerequisites and exacting guidelines; be that as it may, the current significant players have caught their business sectors well. There is serious rivalry among existing monsters. High reliance on the providers for cocoa beans, which are for the most part found in Africa (70%), makes the situation of a provider inside the business more grounded. Then again, the clients are generally managed by means of retail chains, which doesn’t offer them a chance to take a sufficient situation to control costs (â€Å"Annual Report† 5). Contender Analysis The opposition inside the business is exceptionally serious. So as to win a piece of the pie the contenders at tempt to autonomously extend their business sectors. Notwithstanding the immediate rivalry from inside, the business needs to confront roundabout rivalry from outside. Nibble nourishments, oat, frozen yogurt makers are very fruitful in snatching a similar market also. A portion of the contenders of Hershey are Mars, Nestle, General Mills, Hain Celestial Group, and Kraft and so forth. (Michman and Mazze 205). Market Analysis GLOBAL MARKER SHARE OF DIFFERENT COMPANIES Company Market share Cadbury and Kraft 14.8% Mars 14.6% Nestle 7.8% Hershey 4.6% Ferrero 4.5% Others 4.9% (â€Å"

The Impact of Workplace Diversity on Job Performance in Walmart Research Paper

The Impact of Workplace Diversity on Job Performance in Walmart - Research Paper Example It corresponds about how an organization coordinates the presentation of its officials and laborers inside a focused on period to consummate the company’s connection with the market and to guarantee that it’s ready to accomplish shareholders’ desires dependent on the intersection and compelling components driven by the condition of the economy. Russu (1993) placed that HRM is accomplished if an association has sustained a proper structure of association utilizing its human capital in the flawlessness of wanted execution. All things considered, the organization must have the option to (a) create vital ways to deal with propel them so as to draw in them in every fundamental undertaking; (b) grant the association to work for proficiency and viability of administrations; (c) hold fast to goals utilizing gauges and execution control or frameworks; (d) settle on some basic choices about work comparable to authoritative adequacy; (e) valuation for decent variety to asse mble influence in the market and to make the administrations amicable to advertise; and to support high profitability in its monetary and corporate exercises (Russu, 1993). Rusu (1993) pointed that HRM is hence about characterizing methodologies to guarantee concordance in business methodology and HR system. It is additionally intrigued about building up a complete procedure in the use of arrangements and work environment morals or practices by setting down the incorporated human resources’ wanted practices and sustaining duties from workforces (Rusu, 1993). The goals of this examination to comprehensively research the use of the standards of assorted variety in human asset the board to Wal-Mart, one of the worldwide enterprises unmistakably labeled as an innovator in worldwide retail industry. It will explicitly research how Walmart acknowledges assorted variety as necessary segment of HRM, just as, the consistency or consistency of this structure or procedure when these sta ndards are applied. Wal-Mart, as one of the biggest global retail associations got a normal offer of $405 billion by seriously utilizing and overhauling about in excess of 200 million clients on week after week premise. As it anticipate utilize around 500,000 employments in the following five years (Wal-Mart Workplace Diversity Report, 2010), such accomplishment could be an intriguing object of top to bottom examination. The organization announced that as of these date, the organization has U.S. workforces of around 815,000 female partners; 248,000 African-American partners; 67,000 Hispanic partners; 42,000 Asian; 5,000 from Pacific Island; 14,000 from Alaska and American Indian specialists (Wal-Mart work environment Diversity Report, 2010). Such figure a colossal assorted variety of workforces which implied a basic gratefulness to multiculturalism as human capital are variegated in age gatherings, sexes, ethnic and racial foundations, social and national birthplaces, just as, menta l and physical abilities. Research Objective This is a subjective report focusing to have a top to bottom investigation about how Walmart apply the estimations of decent variety in human asset the executives and how the hypothesis of assorted variety has been deliberately applied by the enterprise to create showcase influence, intensity, capability and in business the board as a worldwide retail partnership. It will in like manner endeavor to basically comprehend the effects of decent variety in the activity execution of the workers; inspire

Compare and Contrast Germany and America :: Germany Europe North America Essays Culture

Look into Germany and America Europeans and Americans share considerably more for all intents and purpose than the vast majority think, making changes in accordance with life in another nation simpler. Numerous traditions are like practices in the United States. Germans have their own particular manner of being German. Germany is a moderately little and thickly populated nation. In contrast to the United States, which is an enormous, thickly populated nation. The best stun to Americans is the speed at which Germans drive. The streets and expressways are very limited. Speed restrains in urban areas are carefully upheld, yet on a great part of the Autobahn there is no restriction on how quick drivers can go. In spite of the fact that it is illegal, eager Germans may likewise back end at high speeds as well as blaze their headlights when they need to pass your vehicle. On the off chance that you are driving without precedent for Germany, keep right. Left paths are for passing as it were. Dissimilar to when you are driving in America; Americans will in general travel in the path that is intended for passing and the quicker drivers. Americans will in general think â€Å" I am going as far as possible, so I am going to remain in the left lane†, the Germany perspective is that on the off chance that you are not passing anybody or on the off chance that you are going excessively moderate, your vehicle should be in the correct hand path. Not at all like in the United States, train travel is a German lifestyle. You can jump on at train at any bahnhof (train station) and travel to any goal in Europe you might want. The Germans utilize the train as their principle mean of movement because of contamination and the expanded gas costs. Americans will in general utilize the car as our principle mean of movement more than we should. No one gets a kick out of the chance to hold up in line †particularly the German individuals, who appear to need to do it more frequently than Americans. Indeed, even typically affable Germans may elbow their way ahead in the event that you don't hold fast. It's not bizarre to get knock by a closely following shopping basket. Continue grinning; it is only the German lifestyle. It's standard to welcome others when strolling into a lounge area, private venture or train compartment. A basic Guten Tag or, in southern Germany, Gruess Gott, is all together.

High School Research Paper Example

High School Research Paper ExampleCollege students are constantly studying, researching and writing papers to gain academic credit. High school students are given the opportunity to show their ability in high school research, as well. In order to do this, you should consider writing a high school research paper example. This will allow you to take some of the stress away from your actual paper and will give you an idea as to what you will be writing.Writing a high school research paper example is simple. You should write the paper using 'home base' information. This will make the information for your paper easier to find. To start off, you should look up the person's birth date, as well as other important information, such as if they attended the school for most of their life or just during their freshman year. By doing this, you will be able to make the information easier to find when you need it.It is important to get your study information straight. Many times, students have probl ems with staying on task because they are so excited about their research. Keep track of your study time, and try to write the paper at the same time each day, instead of just writing while trying to get your homework done.Many times, the research paper that is written by students will come out pretty good. Students use the material to revise their own coursework and take the class further. A good example of this would be if you find out that one of your classmates used one chapter out of your entire chapter and that chapter is due soon.Another benefit of writing a research paper example is that it gives you the chance to see how others are writing their own research papers. If you study up on other students, you will see how they are able to structure their research papers. Using their examples, you will be able to write a better research paper than they are. When you are able to write a better research paper, you will be able to compete with them in your own field.For some student s, they may not like what is being written about the student's homework. When this happens, the student may take a little time to study up on their homework. Once they have finished studying up on the material, the student will often find it easier to write their own research paper.With all the work involved in writing a research paper, you may want to consider taking a little time out to write a good example of your own. Just make sure that you do it correctly, as it will help you go through the whole project more smoothly.

Literature Review About Merger And Acquisition Performance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3525 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The literature has mostly studied the effects on employment after mergers and acquisitions (MAs) in Finland. MAs is a main point to enlarge a purchasing firm in all developed countries. Mostly restructuring involved in ownership changes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Literature Review About Merger And Acquisition Performance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Although MA could use to restructure the economy but it seems to be a threat to employment. After the removal of restrictions over foreign ownership during the early 1990s, cross-border MAs have greatly increased in number in this country and cause a public debate. In comparing to other firms, nonmanufacturing firm got the lesser effect on employment after cross-border MAs. Internal restructurings have substantial negative employment effects in trade but the most important is that almost all changes in ownership will leads to employment losses. MAs bring along the motives of to obtain genuine synergy gains, utilize scales economies in various forms, then, strengthen the market power in pricing, after that, revise the implicit agreements related to the firms personnel and other stakeholders, lastly, promote the managers own deviating interests. The effect of on MAs employment may be contingent on the type of MAs. The factors that matter are the distance between the target and ac quiring firm (domestic or foreign in our study), the nationality of the acquiring firm (domestic or foreign), and the institutional nature of an acquirer (another firm or another form of MA). MAs makes effect on employment in manufacturing, construction and other services, and trade (including hotels and restaurants) industry. Crossborder MAs or domestic MAs in which the purchasing firm is foreign-owned always leads to greater employment losses than other domestic MAs and internal restructurings. While during the late of the 1990s, there has been a substantial increase in the number of cross-border MAs. Mostly, which is around 60 percent of Cross-border MA activity has been concentrated in transport, the wholesale trade, and real estate, renting and business activities. Domestic MAs were most widely spread in the Finnish Savings Banks Group. Foreign companies tend to take over certain Finnish companies with particular observable characteristics. Based on the results from Fi nnish data (Lehto), foreign companies have a tendency to take over firms whose workers education level is high, whose size is large, and who are exporters. There are substantial negative (and statistically significant) employment effects for all sectors. This is consistent with our hypothesis that in the service industries a domestic purchaser, being located in the same relevant market as the target firm, may have a greater interest than a foreign one to buy another firm to limit competition We can sum up that almost all changes in ownership lead to employment losses and crossborder MAs have a negative impact only in manufacturing firm. A well-known explanation for employment losses is that the change in control through MAs offers an opportunity for a new management team to go back on on implicit labour contracts that have constituted obstacles for layoffs. Cross border and acquisition This journal state that the majority of crossborder MAs are not successful. Understanding the problems and opportunities of cross-border mergers and acquisitions is an essential element in understanding most MAs, and indeed in understanding the nature of global strategy. The acquisition of Columbia Pictures by Sony Corp in 1989. Sony was forced to take an unprecedented $3.2 billion write-down in 1994. This merger is now a classic case study of what not to do in cross-border deals. legal problems stemming from their recruitment of senior management who were under contract at Time Warner, lack of internal controls over budgeting, weak understanding of the fundamentals of the acquired business, and an overly optimistic belief in synergies arising from vertical integration and from applying Sonys technological competencies to the movie and television business. The two companies must reach agreement on which products and services will be offered, which facility or group will have primary responsibility for making this happen, who will be in charge of each of these facilities or groups, where will the expected cost savings come from, what will the division of labor look like in the executive suite, what timetable to follow that will best generate the potential synergies of the deal, and myriad other issues that are complex, detailed, and immediate .this merging companies must continue to compete and serve their customers in a competitive marketplace. The keys to establishing an effective strategic logic lie in answering questions such as: How will this merger create value, and when will this value be realized? Why are we a better parent for this company than someone else? Can this merger pass the better-off test will we be able to create more value (by being more competitive, having a stronger cost structure, gaining additional competencies that we can leverage in new ways, etc.) after the deal? These are difficult questions that require caref ul, objective, preacquisition analysis. Overstate the real strategic benefits of a deal is a definite problem that must be guarded against. Pressures that arise from the desire to close a deal quickly before rival bidders appear, cultural and sometimes language barriers that create uncertainty, and the often emotionally charged atmosphere surrounding negotiations, work against this requirement of objectivity. The highest potential crossborder MAs tend to be between firms that share similar or complementary operations in such key areas as production and marketing. When two companies share similar core businesses there are often opportunities for economies of scale at various stages of the value chain Employee stress and uncertainty can be particularly troublesome in crossborder deals. Mergers create uncertainty, and people often experience considerable stress during this time. There is a real danger that some of the best people in a company will leave as a result of the merg er after all, it is usually the best people that have the most attractive outside opportunities and inattention to their personal concerns may be costly. Studies indicate that the root cause of employee problems are feelings of mistrust and stress, perceived restrictions in career plans, and attacks on established cultural traditions within the acquired company, Differences among management and workers can sometimes spiral into broader community and political problems. Given the importance of integration to acquisition success, how can companies best manage this process? There are several important considerations. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Understand that most of the value creation in an acquisition occurs after the deal is done. For all the synergies and benefits that are projected to accrue from an acquisition, none can be realized without substantial effort during the integration process. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Plan for integration before doing the deal. There are many reasons why companies do not do this such as time constraints, insufficient information, lack of awareness of how critical integration really is but the alternative is to essentially guess at the sources of value creation. Develop a checklist of key integration issues, assign personal responsibility and a timetable for dealing with these issues, and set targets that will enable the value creation needed to make the deal work. Although integration is a process that cannot be completed in a few days, this analysis should yield a blueprint for how to create value from the acquisition. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Work the details. Some of the confusion and complexity of cross-border mergers can be mitigated by ensuring that executives in an acquiring company learn about differences in accounting standards, labor laws, environmental regulations, and norms and regulations governing how business is conducted in the country of the acquired firm early in the process. à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Develop a clear communication plan throughout the entire process. The prospective melding of different country cultures in a cross-border deal can easily compound the uncertainty employees experience in any merger, and must be addressed in a proactive manner. In sum, there are two fundamental imperatives that must be underscored in any discussion of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. First, companies engage in a merger or acquisition to create value, and that value creation comes about through a combination of synergy realization to cut costs and competitive strategy repositioning to increase revenues and growth. And second, both the synergy realization and competitive strategy goals cannot be achieved without significant attention to the challenge of acquisition integration. If cross-border MA strategies are to fulfill their potential, and justify the premium companies t ypically pay to engage in them, managers will need to fully understand, and embrace, these two imperatives. MA performance This journal is an Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. The financial sector was transformed and opened to local conglomerates and foreigners in late 1980s and early 1990s. It made up more competition the domestic financial markets. The resulting rapid growth of financial institutions has increased market competition, forcing decision makers to adopt appropriate pricing strategies to maintain or increase market share. During the financial crisis of 1997, nonperforming loan (NPL) problems occur. To reduce the NPLs, two new regulations announced to encourage financial institutions to merge with others as financial holding corporations (FHCs). The overall NPL ratio of financial institutions which once peaked at 8.16 percent in 2001 was reduced under this new policy. Rhoades (1998) studies the MA performances of nine European banks and finds that MA can improve banks operating performance. On the other hand, Stiroh (2000) finds that MA is not capable of reducing costs or improving effici ency. Fields et al. (2007), who examine the MA cases of banks and insurance corporations in the United States and other countries from 1997 to 2002, find that positive abnormal returns existed for bidders, in addition to significant improvements with respect to economies of scale and locations. Campa and Hernando (2006), who study the MA performance of financial industries in Europe, report that shareholder returns of target corporations are positive around the date of announcement, while returns to the shareholders of the acquiring firms are essentially zero around the date of announcement. the increased size, complexity, and market share, after MA, financial institutions might be too big to fail and unwind, or, more accurately, too big to discipline adequately. This viewpoint suggests that, even though MA can increase the size and market power of financial institutions rapidly, it does not guarantee improved performance. In this section, we first categorize MA activities int o business, finance, and investment. For each category, according to the objectives that FHCs aim to accomplish, we next develop some empirical hypotheses in order to test FHC performance. Table 1 summarizes the objectives of FHCs. Finally, we discuss our empirical methodology This paper has investigated the performance of MA activities for 14 FHCs in Taiwan. The results suggest that while the profitability of FHCs increases on a yearly basis, the operating performance deteriorates. In addition, this paper has tested the performance differences in a five-year period before and after the establishment of FHCs, and has found no evidence for the improved performance of FHCs after they began their operations. Overall, there is not much strong evidence that the performance of MA activities for 14 FHCs increased over time. Taiwans experience can provide lessons for other emerging East Asian and developing countries that share a similar economic structure and financial environment, especially with regard to the political ramifications introduced by the reallocation of interests among authorities, managers, and shareholders during the reform process. Company Background For the company our group chosen is the CIMB GROUP. CIMB GROUP is also known as Commerce International Merchant Bankers Berhad. CIMB GROUP is a commercial bank and is the second largest financial services provider in Malaysia. It is also one of the most leading banking groups in Southeast Asia. They own the motto of To Be South East Asias Most Valued Universal Bank (CIMB Group, 2010). While their vision is classified below: We are in the business of creating value for our customers The main significance here is value. The value provided is mainly for the customers in terms of services company provided. The more value created, the more customers will turn to them. We believe the best way to create the most value is by enabling our people The keyword here is enabling. The way the company enable the employees is to actively and effectively engage them in placing, motivating and supporting, unleashing their true potential to produce more values for the customers. In order to protect our reputation and business, we speak and act with integrity Integrity is the main variable here. It refers to the approaches of how the employees treat the customers needs and interests. It is based on how the way employees speak, and act honestly and sincerely towads customers (CIMB Group, 2010). Behind this merging company, the background is complicated but chronogically, there are two main company whom plays an important role in forming CIMB GROUP. They are Bumiputra-Commerce Holding Berhad(BCHB) and Southern Bank Berhad(SBB). The main historical event are shown below: 1965 Southern Bank Berhad (SBB) is founded as Southern Banking Ltd.  It started its business in Penang and continue to expand into other states. In the same time, the Bank Bumiputra Malaysia Berhad(BBMB) also incorporated (CIMB Group, 2010). It develop prominently with banking facilities and services throughout from urban areas to rural areas untill 1979. It was also the first to introduce the MEPS/ATM system throughout Malaysia today. 1970 2000 Around the 30 years, there are several different merging banks and other highlighted activities occur. In 1972, Indian Overseas Bank Ltd, Indian Bank Ltd and United Commercial Bank Ltd merge and form United Asian Bank Berhad(UAB). Then, Pertanian Baring Sanwa Multinational Berhad(PBS) was incorporated in 1974. While in 1986, Bank of Commerce Berhad(formerly known as Ban Chiang Bank) replaced Bank Pertanian as the controlling shareholder of PBS, following which its name was changed to Commerce International Merchant Bankers Berhad (CIMB) (CIMB Group, 2010). In November 1991, Bank of Commerce merge with UAB and form Commerce-Asset Holdings Berhad(CAHB). Due to Asian Financial Crisis in 1997 hits Malaysia critically, and subsequently in October 1999, BBMB and Bank of Commerce merge to form Bumiputra-Commerce Bank(BCB) which is under CAHB control. The merge between them is the biggest merger in Malaysias banking history that ever recorded (CIMB Group, 2010). 2000 2005 From year 2000 onwards, CIMB began to actively involved in banking industry. In January 2003, CIMB Berhad had successfully listed on the Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur(BSKL) and also launch CIMB Islamic (CIMB Group, 2010). Furthermore in 2004, CIMB acquire 70% of CTB and CAFM from BCHB. Then they were merged and become CIMB-Principal Asset Management Berhad(CPAM). In June 2005, CIMB also acquire G. K. Goh Securities Pte Ltd and Bumiputra-Commerce Group from CAHB. As a result of that, CAHB was renamed as Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Berhad(BCHB) (CIMB Group, 2010). 2006 2008 After the acquisition of several banks and being listed in BSKL, CIMB Group had stabilizes its business and complete restructuring the exercise under BCHB. In March 2006, the Southern Bank Berhad Board of Directors agree to be purchase by BCHB which is under CIMB Group. Encapsulating investment banking, consumer banking, Islamic banking, expertise of BCB and agility of SBB, CIMB Group is able to mark itself on the Malaysian financial landscape (CIMB Group, 2010). Now, it is recognize as a universal bank. In accordance with the motto To Be South East Asias Most Valued Universal Bank, CIMB Group are able to embark its business and putting themselves on a higher platform. In the year 2008, CIMB are able to make strategic investment in the Bank of Yingkou, China and alos launch the CIMB-Principal Islamic Asset Management. Other than that, CIMB Group also acquire BankThai (CIMB Group, 2010). 2009 Present From 2009 onwards, CIMB Group is one of the most prestigous company whom actively involve in Malaysias banking industry. With the three mian sub-brands of CIMB Group which is CIMB, CIMB BANK and CIMB ISLAMIC, CIMB Group can fulfill different needs of customers. Still, CIMB Group continue to thrive and engage their business not only in Malaysia but also in foreign country. Example/Case Study Based on the Microsoft Customer Solution Case Study, it focuses on the weaknesses of human resource department in CIMB Group. The case study disscuss about the problem face and provide a solution for the company. The main problem CIMB Group face is the failure of tracking the status of staff request and applications; lack of amalgamation between departments, missing forms and need require more space to store hardcopy forms (Microsoft, 2005). Later on, CIMB Group realize that they need a system which is able to empower the human resource staff making them more capable. Before choosing, CIMB Group evaluated several human resource systems such as SAP and Peoplesoft. In the end, the company adopted a customized system from Mesiniaga, their Microsoft-based eHR. It was implemented as it meets CIMB Group requirements in terms of cost effective system and user friendly. It solve much of the problem and even add in new features. The system improved the company performance in terms of per formance appraisal, remuneration package, traning module and online employee handbook. All of that had been electronicalized and it save a lot of unnecessary paperwork plus reduce the potential errors in data entry. Ultimately, it improve the efficiency of work in the company (Microsoft, 2005). As adopted CIMB case study From mortar and bricks to cards and clicks it describe about a project development for CIMB Group and John Ryan was the project manager. It comprises four phase of the project. The first phase is to establish the retailing concept throughout the branches. For instance, researches such as network analysis, increased migration to self-service, generation of customer enquiries, consultation and elevated sales rates is carry out (Vilasini Krishnan, 2008). Entering the second phase, the concept is develop. Environmental design and retailing upgrades were included. On the third phase, suggestion were made to correct the deviation of the concept. Follow by phase fou r, all the plans were implemented and was launch at CIMB Banks The Curve Branch (Vilasini Krishnan, 2008). Reasons for Merging and Acquisition In this current competitive world, the competition between rival are getting more aggressive. Obvoiusly, when an opponent change the strategy, the market in the same industry will not be the same again. Merging or acquisition with another firm is very common thing. First of all, we need to know that merge here means two or more different companies combine and form a new one. While acquisition is a firm purchase another firm in terms of buildings, shares and businesses. Thus, our study include the reasons why company would enter into an agreement for merge or acquisition. Why merge? Reduce competition and for growth Whenever a company merge, this means that the market power will gain in the industry. A company(CIMB) increase the market power will have more dominance which will make them more robust in the industry. Hence, this will provide more rooms for growth as merging will covers more section(banking, investment, securities). Growth here will increase the profitability, size and productivity of a company. According to Perry-Porter model, it explain that there is a factor of production whose total supply is fixed in the industry(Tore Nilssen, n.d.). Furthermore, if a company(CIMB) want to expand, then it will need to access to more of this factor and gain from other firm in the industry(Tore Nilssen, n.d.). For instance, they include human capital and knowledge. Diversification Diversification here explain as diversify of revenues and funding (Focarelli, Panetta, Salleo, 2002). As mergers are provoked by aiming to extend the customer base for servi ces, they must provide the best for them. Because it possess different revenue and funding, mergers like CIMB are able to lend money to large firm as it own higher stability and that is why a bank can persist. Geographic diversification is also a reason to merge. This will help to reduce the exposure to any region (Brad Myers, 2006). Necessity In a compelling situation, sometimes firms are being force to merge. Economy plays an important role in it. For example, when economic downturn, small company had no choice and unable to sustain, eventually, stronger firms will gain advantage by merging with them. Unless the niche company has a defensive strategy or alternative way otherwise this is one of the way for the survival of the company. Why acquisition? Expansion The main reasons for acquisition is for the expansion of a firm. For example, CIMB had purchase BankThai in 2008. This prove that it helps CIMB to move rapidly into an international area because BankThai is already operating there. Another example can be seen is the acquisition of Anheuser-Busch by Belgium InBev. Both are beer company and Inbev has a strong market in Europe and Latin America. After overtaking Anheuser-Busch, Inbev was a ble to achieve a robust position in the U.S (Wheele Hunger, 2010). It usually engage a horizontal integration within the firms. Gain advantage of acquired company In acquisition, the motive is to gain advantage of the other firm. For instance, from the example of CIMB and BankThai, CIMB can learn the culture, how the perform the transaction in Thailand. This provide a competitive advantage over the competitors.

Rock ‘N’ Roll Music Has Widely Influenced Music And Society

Rock ‘n’ roll music has widely influenced music and society and continues to do so today. Rock ‘n’ roll emerged in the 1950’s a time where whites and blacks were heavily segregated. Rock and roll music not only changed the nation’s current musical norms, but indicated the joy of the emerging youth culture of the generation. It influenced artists whether black or white to come into the mainstream music. Famous artists still remembered today also influenced rock and roll. Those pioneers helped change the musical norms and the overall history of music. White rock ‘n’ rollers helped build a ladder for black artists to come into the scene. It was certain that rock ‘n’ roll made it possible for greater acceptance, appreciation and a wider†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"When first entering in America, British folk music was distinguished by three-chord tunes, sparse instrumentation (with some fiddlers), mostly male perf ormers, improvisation, the singers’ sporadic shouts (Scottish â€Å"yips†), Christian themes served up in hundreds of hymns, and a secular collection of songs that told stories, generally about love and lost love, using metaphor and symbol to tell those stories† (Allen 101). By the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, British music changed and became Americanized. Vocal harmonizing slowly evolved, and fiddlers were accompanied by those who played banjo, an African American opening. â€Å"Tambourines and â€Å"bones† (tapping out rhythms using pork rib bones) were a minstrel show contribution† (Allen 102). When African Americans were forced into slavery and brought to North America in the 1600s, they brought their own musical traditions and sounds. Slaves who were on the Mississippi River Valley delta soil developed what will later be introduced as blues music. On the plantations, slaves greatly changed British American hymn singing. They t ook non-religious British American songs and turned it into their own forms of music that followed their culture and taste of music. Blues emerged in the early twentieth century at the same time country music became settled from its folk roots. Blues music talked about the indifferences African American slaves were going through at that time. â€Å"The blues voiced humanShow MoreRelatedMusic Of The 60s Help Shape Modern Australian Society1259 Words   |  6 Pages In what ways did music in the 60s help shape modern Australian society â€Å"People today are still living off the table scraps of the sixties. They are still being passed around - the music and the ideas.† This was pronounced by Bob Dylan, a folk musician of the sixties: an era in which the music heavily influenced the culture of the time and continues to influence the music and culture today. The music and artists of the 60s influenced radio and television, the music, fashion and lifestyles of theRead MoreEssay about Music throughout Society961 Words   |  4 PagesMusic throughout Society Weve been talking a lot about social rituals. Well, just what exactly is a social ritual? Social rituals are, basically, traditions or customs that a society has followed for many years. For example, in America, most people follow the custom of dating. In Israel, they tend to follow the tradition of arranged marriages. Yet, in some countries, they use courtship. 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Pain and Nociception Neurophysical Underpinning

Question: Discuss about the Pain and Nociceptionfor Neurophysical Underpinning. Answer: The Neurophysiological Underpinning to Distinguish Between Pain and Nociception in Vertebrates Signaling of threats and tissue injury occurrence is the most vital function of the central nervous system. This feature is performed by afferents (nociceptors) which are specialized, and they are responsive to noxious and injury stimuli. However, there is need to elude the differences between nociception and pain since they have always been underpinned on the anatomy associated with the central nervous system as well as that of peripheral. Also, it is important to consider the roles that nociceptors play in pain perception. Nociception is said to be the processing of information by the peripheral and the central nervous system (commonly referred to as CNS).This information is related to inner or outer body environment. Nociceptors have the ability to give a response to noxious stimuli, including cold, heat, mechanical, and chemical mediators. Because nociceptors are capable of responding to stimuli of heterogeneous nature, they are primarily denoted to as polymodal receptors. However, not all of the nociceptors respond to every noxious stimulus. The detectors of noxious stimuli are nerve endings which are found all over the body, and their origin is from PSNs. PSNs are the first element in the polyneuronal chain that leads to pain perception. Noxious stimuli activate the nociceptors and send information to the trigeminal homologue or spinal cord dorsal horn (Ferrini, Russo, Salio, 2014). The information is then forwarded to the stem of the brain and to the cerebral cortex where pain perception occurs (Rouwette et al., 2012). There are two types of nociceptive pain such as somatic pain that can be traced easily within the body and originates from the skin surface as well as deeper tissues including muscles and joints. The second type is visceral pain that is not well localized and originates from organs that are inside the body. On the other hand, pain can be described as an unpleasant sensation of the nervous system which is triggered by noxious stimuli applied to the body which may include squeezing, high heat intensity, rotating a joint or even skin fold. These provide the body with actual or potential damage. Consequently, this gives a quick alerting signal to the nervous system for the creation of a motor response that will reduce anything related to physical harm (Magee, Elwood, 2013). Although it is always rare to experience congenital insensitivity, people with the condition can go through great health problems including auto-amputation, corneal scarring, and self-mutilation. As such, it is practically essential to discuss the origin as well as the source of the word pain, which came from a Greek word poine that stands for a penalty. Usually, pain accompanies nociception. There are three pain experiences, and the first one is sensory, and it is experienced when discriminative system enhances the pro cessing of information concerning the strength, quality, temporal, intensity, and the three-dimensional facets of pain. Naturally, the second experience is known to be motivational since the system is effective and defines the individuals behaviors. Subsequently, the third experience is cognitive in nature as the system evaluates whether the people understood the response concerning the pain experience (Cheng Flamenbaum, 2016). Evidently, three types of pain can be derived according to their pathogenesis. The first one is acute physiological nociceptive pain which is produced especially the minute a sharp noxious stimulus is physiologically pricked to healthy vertebrate tissue (Messlinger Handwerker, 2015). This elicits withdrawal hence preventing the tissue from further damage. Next is pathophysiological nociceptive pain which is felt when there is an inflammation or damage to the tissue (Zhang et al., 2012). It may appear spontaneously without stimulation, or as allodynia- pain stimulation below pain threshold, or as hyperalgesia- extreme noxious stimulated pain. The third type is neuropathic pain which occurs after an injury or a disease to CNS or the peripheral. Mainly, it may often give abnormal feeling because of lack of a given signal to noxious tissue. In essence, persistent and short timed sensation of burning or even electrical is often elicited (Xia, Mrch, Andersen, 2016). Any of the followings can cause neuropathic pain, which are metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, axotomy, plexus damage, and herpes rapturing. In case the central neurons are damaged, a pain that can occur is referred to as central neuropathic pain (Zhang et al., 2012). When a patient has pain for more than six months, it is described to be "chronic" and may be as a result of chronic diseases or continuous nociceptive process. In assumption, different tissue nociceptors share much of their general characteristics. However, there is evidence to prove precisely that the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that supply fibre to various body tissues are different by how they pass electrophysiological properties. There are also many A and C fibers presents and acts as specified nociceptors that detect potential damaging stimuli. A part of A and C fibers consists of cold and warmth sensory nerves that record innocuous cold and warm stimuli and not noxious cold and heat. These fibers are also present in the joints, skin and the visceral nerves and are referred to as mechano- insensitive nociceptors which are alerted during inflammation and give a response to mechanical and also to thermal stimuli (Djouhri, 2016). A typical sensory nerve fiber generates their action potentials in the sensory endings when the receptive field is stimulated. Often, damaged nerve fibers produce pathological discharges that are fundamentally generated at the surface where the nerve is damaged or within the body cell at DRG (Djouhri, 2016). Ectopic discharges are released in thick myelinated A fibers, A, and C fibers, and hence when a nerve injury occurs, these two are involved in pain generation. While viewing the ontogeny of pain, it is always crucial to note in a considerate way that there are possibilities of pinpointing the smaller groups of sensory neurons. These include nociceptors in early stages before they proceed to cause an impact to central and peripheral systems. Neurogenesis as well as the synaptogenesis of these neurons is biologically produced in two waves. Giving the example of a rat, the development of what is scientifically known as myelinated A fibers originating from the neuraxis occur before development of unmyelinated C-fibers (Djouhri, 2016). Neonates of many species show exaggeration in reflex responses to a stimulus that are noxious mediated spinally, as compared to the adult vertebrates. In vertebrates and some invertebrates, there is a common framework of sensory transmission for varying senses. Their neural cells have functional parts where the receptor molecule of the sensors detects the stimuli, and hence the receptor molecule undergoes a conformal change that brings about transduction process (Pogorzala, Mishra, Hoon, 2013). This triggers the receptor cell membrane potential to change, which is referred to as the receptor potential. Under normal circumstances, sensory neuron- site of sensory transduction is always overly far from the synaptic terminal, and as a result, receptor potential should be transformed to a chain of the action potential that carries the pain through axon to the synapse. Being one of the stimuli, hypersensitivity is an increased response to painful stimuli occurring in the following manner where tissues have been damaged due to a significant noxious stimulus. This leads to excessive sensitivity to pain. It is evidenced that primary and secondary hypersensitivity can be present in the body tissues. In contrast, the primary can be described as high sensitivity around the area an injury has occurred and is due to sensitization of the periphery nociceptors, whereas secondary occurs in the surroundings of the injured part and is due to central nociceptors sensitization (Hsieh et al., 2012). An excellent example is an inflammation caused by a sore throat which can be intense such that the swallowing exercise becomes a major problem due to pain. Pain hypersensitivity can last long after the disappearance of the primary cause, and this is now a disease and not a symptom anymore when it reaches that stage. According to pain scientists, two pain aspects are us ually derived as an adaptation of injured tissue for their protection during healing period (Mettam, McCrohan, Sneddon, 2012). These are allodynia that is often said to be a pain as a result of actual innocuous stimuli and hyperalgesia which is response triggered by normally painful stimuli. Fig 1: Shows nociceptive stimulus-response characteristics where hyperalgesia is shown by the high response to noxious stimuli without a change in nociceptors threshold while Allodynia is shown by nociceptors threshold to give a response (Mettam, McCrohan, Sneddon, 2012). It is imperative for one to bear in mind that not all of the nociceptors bring about sensitization. Another group of sensory receptors may desensitize when after exposure to great stimuli compared to nociceptors which sensitize on exposure to high noxious stimuli. Desensitization may occur when the photoreceptors in the eyes of humans are in exposure to bright light and later face a room which is not well lit, where one feels blind and as time goes by one can see what was not visible before inside the chamber. This is described to be a light adaptation. In conclusion, on exposure to noxious stimuli, an animals brain perceives the pain experience leading to discomfort in or outside the body. Pain caused by the accidental hitting of individuals elbow or head can be minimized by rubbing the area to assist in providing some relief. Studies on animals bearing transections of the neuraxis show those compound responses to stimuli can undergo elicitation in the absence of pain. Behavior index and extrapolation in human and other vertebrates are the current measures of pain. After nerve injury, innocuous stimuli may be a source of pain while repeated noxious stimuli exposure leads to hypersensitivity and create responses to this stimulus which are noxious and innocuous. The neural system may suffer a long-term damage caused by an injury and hence interference with the processing of nociceptive information. Also, physiological factors may encourage the onset of the pain felt during and up to when an injury to the tissue occurs. Finally, pain as opposed to nociception is not purely the acknowledgement of the setting, existence, and scale of nociceptive input. Instead, it is multifaceted event with a significant emotional as well as touching component. References Cheng, M.K. and Flamenbaum, R., 2016. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Formulation With Chronic Pain. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30(1), pp.3-15. Djouhri, L., 2016. A-fiber low threshold mechanoreceptors innervating mammalian hairy skin: A review of their receptive, electrophysiological and cytochemical properties in relation to A-fiber high threshold mechanoreceptors. Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 61, pp.225-238. Ferrini, F., Russo, A. and Salio, C., 2014. Fos and pERK immunoreactivity in spinal cord slices: comparative analysis of in vitro models for testing putative antinociceptive molecules. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger, 196(4), pp.217-223. Hsieh, Y.L., Chiang, H., Lue, J.H. and Hsieh, S.T., 2012. P2X3-mediated peripheral sensitization of neuropathic pain in resiniferatoxin-induced neuropathy. Experimental neurology, 235(1), pp.316-325. Magee, B. and Elwood, R.W., 2013. Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent with a key criterion for pain. Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(3), pp.353-358. Messlinger, K. and Handwerker, H.O., 2015. Physiology of pain. Schmerz (Berlin, Germany), 29(5), pp.522-530. Mettam, J.J., McCrohan, C.R. and Sneddon, L.U., 2012. Characterisation of chemosensory trigeminal receptors in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: responses to chemical irritants and carbon dioxide. Journal of Experimental Biology, 215(4), pp.685-693. Pogorzala, L.A., Mishra, S.K. and Hoon, M.A., 2013. The cellular code for mammalian thermosensation. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(13), pp.5533-5541. Rouwette, T., Vanelderen, P., Reus, M.D., Loohuis, N.O., Giele, J., Egmond, J.V., Scheenen, W., Scheffer, G.J., Roubos, E., Vissers, K. and Kozicz, T., 2012. Experimental neuropathy increases limbic forebrain CRF. European Journal of Pain, 16(1), pp.61-71. Xia, W., Mrch, C.D. and Andersen, O.K., 2016. Test-retest reliability of 10 Hz conditioning electrical stimulation inducing long-term potentiation (LTP)-like pain amplification in humans. PloS one, 11(8), p.e0161117. Zhang, X.L., Mok, L.P., Lee, K.Y., Charbonnet, M. and Gold, M.S., 2012. Inflammation-induced changes in BK Ca currents in cutaneous dorsal root ganglion neurons from the adult rat. Molecular pain, 8(1), p.37. Zhang, Z.J., Dong, Y.L., Lu, Y., Cao, S., Zhao, Z.Q. and Gao, Y.J., 2012. Chemokine CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 in the medullary dorsal horn are involved in trigeminal neuropathic pain. Journal of neuroinflammation, 9(1), p.136.

Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Example

Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay Winter Dreams by F. Scott Fitzgerald was published in nineteen twenty-two in the Metropolitan Magazine.   Fitzgerald was labeled the spokesperson for the reckless youth of the nineteen twenties and for a good reason.   He was a part of this reckless youth, he was eloquent, and he had an insight of where it would lead that the others did not.   The theme of the short story is Fitzgerald’s insight to those who get carried away in attaining the American Dream and see it as an attainment for wealth and only wealth and how that alone does not make an individual happy.Dexter Green, the protagonist, comes from an upper middle class family and is dissatisfied from his youth.   He wants to attain wealth and the all of the things in life that he associates with the wealthy.   Golfing, belonging to a country club, and possessing the richest girl in town are all things that Dexter thinks he has to have to prove that he has achieved his goal.   He does become a wealthy man, he comes home to be accepted in the social circles where he was once only good enough to work, but he has not achieved the goal of obtaining Judy Jones, the daughter of the wealthiest man in town. Judy Jones is a horrible person who does not know how to love, yet what she represents means more to Dexter than the person He is not satisfied with what he has, because he cannot have it all.   Fitzgerald saw this as becoming a problem with the materialistic attitudes of the nineteen twenties.   Today it is easy to look back and see that if those living then would have just realized what they had, and appreciated things, then the crash of twenty-nine might not have happened.   Even though it is easy to see this now when one looks back, it is difficult to internalize about the present generation.Fitzgerald’s style is evident in Winter Dreams because he uses his characteristic descriptive details and his realistic dialogue.   Fitzgerald was a melancholy person, and in his writin g he points out the sins of his generations and generations to come, but it is obvious through his tone that he feels that people will not learn from their mistakes and will be doomed to repeat them.   The substitution of the word winter for American when it comes to dreams is symbolic of the things that are cold with no feeling and glitter in the sunlight.   They also melt away when warmth is applied.   This short story that is structured into sections which skip several years between each of the parts is ironic in that Dexter does not achieve his winter dream because it was impossible from the start.Winter Dreams is a short story that is universal.   It spoke volumes to people of the nineteen twenties and to every generation since.   When people chase winter dreams, they will fade before their eyes just like the season.

The eNotes Blog Recognizing Frederick Douglass

Recognizing Frederick Douglass I was eager to see the books that won this year’s Pulitzer prizes and am thrilled with the results. (I mean, a book with trees as characters won the prize for fiction!) But I’m most pleased to see that David Blight’s biography Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom won the Pulitzer for history, because any opportunity to raise the profile of Douglass’s life and legacy is welcome. A strong advocate for change, a compelling rhetorician, and a champion for civil rights, Frederick Douglass is a figure worth studying time and time again. That Blight’s biography won a Pulitzer is a testament to how Douglass’s works are â€Å"being recognized more and more† for the relevance they have to today’s world. Here at , we periodically revisit the works of one of the greatest orators and writers in American history and try our best to encourage others to read more about Frederick Douglass as well. (We even did a giveaway not long ago, so keep an eye out for the next one!) So, if you’re curious about learning more about Frederick Douglass or interested in teaching his works in your classroom, then have a look at the resources we have available for studying this American legend: An annotated text of Douglass’s essay â€Å"Reconstruction.† This essay contains Douglass’s claims for what has gone wrong during American Reconstruction, how â€Å"the occasion demands statesmanship,† and his proposal for action. I’ve written about this piece before and always find that Douglass’s incisive comments apply to politics to this day. In addition to the annotated text, we provide a study guide with summary and analysis sections. An annotated text of Douglass’s speech â€Å"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?† This fiery, impassioned speech is one of the most poignant examples of the power of rhetoric, showcasing Douglass’s skills as a compelling orator. In addition to the annotated text, we provide a study guide containing a summary and analysis of the speech’s historical context, literary devices, and rhetorical devices. A biography of Frederick Douglass, supplemented with analyses and critical essays. While Blight’s biography has been hailed as â€Å"the definitive biography of Frederick Douglass† (which we’re obviously willing to concede), our biography page contains useful facts, trivia, and critical essays on the man’s life and legacy. A study guide for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Arguably Frederick Douglass’s most-famous work, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is a powerful, honest account of his experiences as a slave and his path to freedom. This study guide is complete with a summary, themes, characters, analysis, critical essays, and a reference section, as well as a chapter-by-chapter lesson plan that includes a multiple-choice test, essay portion, and answer key.

The Cabinet of Dr Caligary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Cabinet of Dr Caligary - Essay Example 72). The film seems to equally represent the disturbed German psyche and act as prescient element of the later Nazi regime. While there are clear links between the film and the mind, many prominent film theories conflict such a depiction. This essay examines how the Cabinet of Dr. Caligari complicates Munsterberg's the Photoplay and his discussion on attention, and Eisenstein's essays on Film Form through the physical depiction of the mind. Analysis Munsterberg’s theory of attention as articulated in the Photoplay considers the nature of film meaning in terms of viewer attention. In this context of understanding, he notes â€Å"Of all internal functions which create the meaning of the world around us, the most central is the attention. The chaos of the surrounding impressions is organized into a real cosmos of experience by our selection of that which is significant and of consequence† (Munsterberg). Here Munsterberg is indicating that rather than more subtle aspects of film expression, meaning is largely a factor of the viewer’s attention. When one considers such a theory in terms of Caligari there are a number of considerations. After the initial scene with Francis in the asylum the film opens onto the highly stylized Expressionist ‘mountains’ of the town featured in Francis’ story. The German Expressionist scenery is interesting to consider as it challenges the distinguishing features Munsterberg’s theory of attention. While the director incorporates the mountain backdrop as a functional element of setting, its distorted German Expressionist influence, while not constituting the main focus of attention, nevertheless greatly affects the meaning and tone of the scene. For instance, while it clearly exhibits a denotative aspect – mountain cutouts clearly denote mountains – one can also make the case that the mountain scenery is an entirely symbolic manifestation of Francis’ distorted paradigm. While for Munsterberg film meaning is largely linked to the viewer’s attention, Soviet theorist and director Sergei Eisenstein places the primary emphasis on montage. Eistenstein writes â€Å"Shot and montage are the basic elements of cinema. Montage has been established by the Soviet film as the nerve of cinema. To determine the nature of montage is to solve the specific problem of cinema† (Einstentein, p. 3). Even as such a perspective in terms of the highly experimental Russian cinema holds true, this view is complicated when applied to German Expressionist cinema. One considers that in Caligari it is not montage, but symbolism and scenery that greatly rely meaning. After Alan dies, Francis goes to the police. The mise-en-scene displays a large, winding staircase he must climb to speak with the officers who are positioned on extremely high-chairs. This is also echoed in the giant chair found in Alan’s apartment, expressionistically representing the overarchi ng authority that looks down on the characters. When examining the authoritarian function of the chair, one might argued for the interpretation of the cultural object in terms of the hierarchical power structures that are inherent in society. The majority of the investigation is left to Francis who must relay to Jane the horrible news of Alan’

Organization, timing and personal accountability Statement

Organization, timing and accountability - Personal Statement Example Lack of prioritizing will affect my career in business since I will not know when and where to concentrate my efforts. As such, this will be an obstacle in my career. Lack of priorities may make it hard for me to balance different aspects of my life. Be it social life, work life and even family life. I will end up wasting a lot of time on things that are not important and neglect the important things (like in this case where I forgot to hand in my syllabus contract). This will affect my work schedule and as such, I may be late in submitting critical projects, which may end up making me lose my job or worse of all, make me spoil my professional career. In order to make sure I do not repeat the same mistake twice, I will use the following strategies. I will make a â€Å"things to do list† that will enable me prioritize my tasks from the most important to the least important. This will help me avoid procrastination since I will include in the â€Å"to do list† when the tasks are due. I also plan to set my own personal goals. These will guide me in time management as well as give me a clear vision that I will work towards. My personal goal for this course will be to work extra hard and submit my assignments on time. I also want to have a clear strategy on how will manage distractions. Distractions make me lose a lot of time when performing tasks and affect my ability to concentrate. I will also be dividing large tasks into smaller tasks and avoid many commitments. I will also create a clear timeline of how I will be scheduling my tasks. This will help me manage time as I will be scheduling to complete the most important tasks when am energized and a lot of bonus time. I will also avoid procrastination, multitasking and ensure that I take a break when performing large tasks. Organization, personal accountability and timeliness can make a business successful. These pillars are important for any business and are the pillars of a successful business.

Federal v. State Power Essay Example for Free

Federal v. State Power Essay As citizens of the United States we exist under a federal system of government. There are different levels of the system, each cooperating with the next and each having some form of formal authority over the people. The age long argument has been: â€Å"more state power is most effective – no, more federal power is most effective†. There are also those who believe that an equal cooperation between both state and federal governments, our current way of separating power, is the most effective. So where should the line be drawn and which is most effective? The Constitution gave us a basic outline for how we should run our government. The bottom line is cooperative federalism – powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government and they may also share costs, administration, and even blame for programs that work poorly (Edwards 81). The idea of cooperative federalism has raised an important question: Where do the boundaries of national government end and where do the boundaries of state governments begin? The tenth amendment has somewhat of an answer to where the state boundaries begin. It says that if a state is not given a power directly by the constitution but is not prohibited from using that power then it is the state’s right to use and regulate that power. As for the boundaries of the national government, the supreme court case of McCulloch v. Maryland gives a good example. In 1791 the government established a national bank. This bank could print money and make loans as well as a number of other banking responsibilities. Many people who believed that the government should have a limited amount of control over the economy were opposed to the idea of a national bank. Eventually the government stopped funding the bank, but not long after came the second national bank. Out of defiance to the bank, the state of Maryland passed a law taxing the Baltimore branch $15,000 a year which it refused to pay. Maryland decided to sue the branch’s cashier, James McCulloch, and after the state’s law was upheld McCulloch took the case to the Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled in favor of the bank on the grounds that Congress has certain implied powers and that because of these implied powers creating a national bank was perfectly acceptable. Just like the state governments, the powers of the national government are not always clear and can be interpreted rather narrowly or quite broadly. In Article 1 Section 8 of the constitution the powers of congress are specifically listed-enumerated powers-but this section of the constitution also includes the â€Å"necessary and proper clause† This clause states that Congress may create any laws or policies it sees fit to apply the powers specifically spelled out. Going hand-in-hand with implied powers and the â€Å"necessary and proper clause† is the commerce clause. The commerce clause gives congress the right to regulate commerce. Commerce can be defined today as the movement of goods, radio signals, electricity, telephone messages, the internet, insurance transactions, and more (Edwards 77). Congress regulates the movement of all of these between the U. S and foreign nations, between states, and between Indian Tribes. With an extremely broad definition of commerce people have become concerned with how much power the national government actually has. Contributing to this concern are grants-in-aid and unfunded mandates. Grants-in-aid are grants given to state government from the federal government to aid in different programs and projects. Concern arises because grants often come with strings attached and sometimes are not given to states until they fulfill certain requirements (this would be an example of a mandate). Sometimes the government passes a law and expects states to follow that law and fund it without help from the government; this is an unfunded mandate. The federal government often uses grants-in-aid and unfunded mandates to have more control over what happens within the states which is where the concern of cooperation and boundaries comes from. In addition to the different components of federalism, there are pieces of legislature that also make people question whether more, less, or the same amount of power to the states is most effective. Among these pieces of legislature are the Affordable Care Act and the Clean Air Act. The Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare, was designed to make health insurance more readily available and more affordable. Obamacare, has two key components: an individual mandate and Medicaid expansion. People who do not have health insurance, either through their employer or personally, are required to purchase health care before 2014. Anyone who does not follow this mandate will be required to pay a â€Å"shared responsibility payment† to the Federal government. As of right now Medicaid covers pregnant women, children, needy families, the blind, the elderly, and the disabled. Obamacare would expand this by requiring states to provide care to adults with incomes up to 133 percent of the federal poverty level. This act also increases the amount of money states will receive for this mandate. In the case that a state does not follow the Medicaid expansion it may lose all funding for both the requirements and Medicaid. The Clean Air Act regulates the amount of pollutants floating in the air, the amount of pollutants released by industrial and mobile sources, and the types of fines and sanctions levied against pollution violators (Potoski 335). The environmental protection agency allows states to take responsibility of the requirements in their state and as long as they follow the minimum requirements the state will receive funding from the government. If a state does not comply with the minimum standards for clean air, the Clean Air Act will become an unfunded mandate just the same as Obamacare would become an unfunded mandate. Where Obamacare and the Clean Air Act are concerned, policymaking is most effective through state and federal cooperation. First and foremost if a state decided not to follow the requirements of expanding Medicaid, the burden of an unfunded mandate would rest on the shoulders of its citizens and its government. The same would go for the Clean Air Act. This may even be worse considering the point of the Clean Air Act is to keep our air clean. Without the cooperation of the states we don’t have clean air and without clean air we have sickness and unhealthy conditions for our citizens. This being said cooperation is extremely important between the levels of government. If the federal government were to have more control, at least where these policies are concerned, there is the potential danger of the government issuing these policies and not providing funding for them because they don’t want to spend the money or they want to show how powerful they are or for whatever reason. In the event that this happens the states are stuck with a pretty large burden of making sure that they have enough money to meet the standards of Medicaid expansion and the clean air act. In the case that states had more power, inconsistency would become a reality. Every state is different. They want different things and not all are willing to meet the same standards. If enough inconsistency occurs and each state creates different standards for their policies, there’s almost no point to having the federal government because states start to believe themselves to be independent. With all of that being said, policymaking is most effective through state and federal cooperation. With more power to one or the other we lose sight of a democracy. Our country was designed on the basis of cooperative federalism. We wouldn’t be the United States anymore without the federal government, without the states, or with one having more power over the other. Our system of checks and balances provides us with an effective way of accomplishing our goals and staying united. Federalism In America

Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind :: Stanley Kramer Inherit the Wind

Stanley Kramer’s Inherit the Wind    History is consistently used in films as a technique to teach the values and morals of events that occurred. But what’s the point in teaching history through films when they are terribly fictional? In films, the director finds the best scheme to intrigue their audience only by changing the actual event to satisfy their interest. This is true for Stanley Kramer when he made the history of John Scopes and his â€Å"monkey trial† into a film called Inherit the Wind. Kramer knew the exact stereotypical â€Å"Hollywood history† his audience enjoyed. The trial itself had a series of conflicts, the main one being evolution vs. religion. Yet there was also a series of tensions throughout the movie, including the argument between individual vs. society. The same themes from Inherit the Wind can also be seen from the actual â€Å"monkey trial† event in Dayton, Tennessee. It is sometimes said that truth is stranger than fiction and according to this film, truth is al so stronger than fiction. Inherit the Wind ignored the true dramatic moment, which is essential to the actual trial that happened in Dayton, Tennessee. Kramer even portrayed his own opinion of this trial in this film. The truth was so distorted in the film so now the argument is not individual vs. society or evolution vs. religion but history vs. fiction. Inherit the Wind is set in the little town of Hillsboro when Bertram Cates (played by), a biology teacher, was thrown into prison for teaching Darwin’s theory of evolution. Two famous lawyers were behind this case, Henry Drummond (played by) as the defender and Mathew Harrison Brady (played by), as the prosecutor. Mathew Harrison Brady who was â€Å"voted 3 times for a presidential candidate† was sent to Hillsboro is carry out the job as a prosecutor for this trial. As for Cates, a journalist from Baltimore Herald by the name of E.K. Horrbeck willingly provided a lawyer named Henry Drummond for him. Horrbeck was inter ested in the Cates, expecting to make big bucks from this big â€Å"media† case. The two opposing lawyers, Drummond and Brady, were Kramer’s two main characters, both with different opinions on how humans arrived on earth. Drummond supported the evolution theory, while Brady, the creation theory. In this film, Kramer distorted the facts of the actual trial to make this film more of a drama than a history documentary.

The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz

Joshua Pauly Professor Hsu Artistic/Cultural Plunge Essay 11 April 2013 The Gypsy Swing Cats and the Beginning of Jazz On Wednesday April 10th I decided to go to the Kaffee Meister Coffeehouse, located at 9225 Carlton Hills Blvd Santee Ca. 92071, for the specific reason of enjoying some Jazz music played by the San Diego based Gypsy Swing Cats. I was quite impressed with how they performed by mixing an energetic and innovated blend of Swing, Jazz, and Blues. From what I observed, their music merges Gypsy melodies and rhythms, with the influences of American Jazz reminiscent of Paris in the 1930's: cool, charming, and classy.The music of the Gypsy Swing Cats is thoroughly modern infused with the wild, mysteriously free and exciting Gypsy flavors. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. Their highly rhythmic sound will electrify your listening experience with a new exciting energy. Gypsy Jazz, also known as Gypsy Swing, is a musi cal expression often said to have been started by guitarist Jean â€Å"Django† Reinhardt. He was foremost amongst a group of Gypsy guitarists working in and around Paris in the 1930's.The music combined the exciting sound of American Jazz that transformed the old into the new. The guitarists supercharged the music further by adding Swing to the fire and melancholia of the unique Gypsy sound. The tantalizing melodies of the Gypsy Swing Cats bring the audience a unique and new experience. My dad is a big fan of Jazz music and he played it a lot around me when I was growing up, but I never really paid attention to it or who the famous musicians of the genre were.Yeah, this Jazz music was and still is very soothing to my mind, but I just personally never had any drive to listen to it on my own. After Hearing The Gypsy Swing Cats’ band play this genre of music that I was not very familiar with, I decided to embark on a journey of discovering something new to add to my not-s o-vastly knowledgeable brain, how Jazz was born. Jazz started when World War I had just ended and a social revolution was on its way. Customs and values of previous social norms were rejected. Life was to be lived to the fullest.This was also known as the era of the â€Å"lost generations,† and the â€Å"flapper† with her rolled stockings, short skirts, and straight up-and-down look. They disturbed their elders in the casino, night clubs, and speakeasies that replaced the ballrooms of prewar days. Dancing became more informal. At the close of the nineteenth century in the unpleasant dance halls and brothels of the South and Midwest, the word Jazz commonly meant sexual intercourse. Southern blacks, delivered from slavery a few decades before, started playing European music with Afro modifications.The first place of jazz has many origins: New Orleans, St. Louis, Memphis, and Kansas City are just a few. But New Orleans was and still remains an important jazz center. The e thnic rainbow of people who went to the bars and brothels were a big part of the development of jazz. This city had been under Spanish French rule because of the Louisiana Purchase. By 1900 New Orleans was a blend of Spanish, French, English, German, Italian, Slavic and countless blacks originally brought in the country as slaves.The first jazz bands contained a â€Å"rhythm section† consisting of a string bass, drums, and a guitar or banjo, and a â€Å"melodic section† with one or two cornets, a trombone, a clarinet, and sometimes even a violin. Years later, jazz was taken over by large orchestras; A â€Å"society jazz† contained fifteen or more musicians. Today, there is a renewed interest in the â€Å"big band† era, even though the music has very little to do with real jazz. Jazz is characterized by certain features. The first is a tendency to stress the weak beats of the bar (2nd and 4th) in contrast to traditional music which stressed the first and t hird beats.The second feature is syncopation through an extensive repetition of short and strongly rhythmic phrases or â€Å"riffs†. The third feature of jazz is swing (regular but subtle pulsation which animates 4/4 time). The swing must be present in every good jazz performance. Jazz as a musical style it has been with us for more than a century. Jazz originated in the United States, It has spread over the entire world, and its influence can be seen everywhere. It is a universal language and means of communication, understood by people in all nations and all walks of life.It has been a major influence on many styles and classes of music since its origin in the late 1800's. It has also influenced dance, clothing styles, the recording industry, the film industry, radio and television, our language, and many other aspects of our lives. One major contributor to jazz was Louis Daniel Armstrong who was born in the Storyville District of New Orleans, Louisiana, on August 4, 1901. He always celebrated his birth as July 4, 1900 because that is what he was told and believed.His real date of birth was not known until after his death July 6, 1971. His father Willie, a laborer, left the family soon after he was born, his mother, a domestic servant and a part time prostitute called Mayanne, left Louis and his sister Beatrice, also called Mama Lucy, in the care of his grandma much of the time, however he always believed the love of his family helped him make it through those rough times. Louis dressed in rags and usually shopped in garbage cans. He sang with other boys on the streets for tips and began to develop his musical talents.At this time in his life, it was not a promising time for young Louis. To celebrate the New Year in 1913 Louis discharged a borrowed pistol into the air and was arrested. A very fortunate occurrence for Jazz and probably for him, he was then sent to the city's Colored Waif's Home for Boys, where he came under the very capable tutorship o f Peter Davis, the music instructor at the home. Louis had some background in harmony singing, as a natural ability, and the experience of singing on the streets, but under Mr.Davis he began to study music. First vocals, then percussion, then he became the home bugler, and finally cornet. The music was very structured mostly marches and other ensemble music. When being released from the waif's home at age fourteen, Louis worked selling papers, unloading boats, and selling coal from a horse and cart. He also listened to bands at clubs like the Come Clean Dance Hall and Mahogany Hall, in Storyville. Joe â€Å"King† Oliver with the Kid Ory Band was his favorite and he quickly became young Louis's mentor.By 1917 Louis was playing in various groups at dive bars in New Orleans' Storyville section. In 1919 he joined Fate Marable's band in St. Louis, and stayed with him until 1921. Marable headed a band and he played in Zutty Singleton's Trio, Papa Celestin's Tuxedo Orchestra, The Si lver Leaf Band, and When King Oliver left New Orleans in 1919 to go to Chicago, Louis took his place in Kid Ory's band, at the suggestion of Oliver. In 1922 Louis received a telegram from Joe Oliver, asking him to join his Creole Jazz Band at Lincoln Gardens in Chicago.Louis learned much working with Oliver. The experience of playing second cornet helped to develop his ear and harmonies, and, the importance of playing straight lead, as Oliver did, were lessons that he would use for the remainder of his life. While playing in Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, Louis met Lillian Hardin the piano player for the band, and they were married in February of 1924. By the end of 1924 she pressured Louis to leave the Oliver band. He moved to New York to play in Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra for 13 months.While in New York he worked many recording sessions with numerous Blues singers including Bessie Smith on her 1925 classic recording of â€Å"St. Louis Blues†. In 1925 Armstrong moved back to Chicago and joined his wife's band at the Dreamland. He recorded his first Hot Five records that same year. This was the first time Louis had made records under his own name. The records made by Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Hot Seven are considered to be absolute jazz classics and the peak of his creative powers. The band never played live, but continued recording until 1928.Louis Armstrong died in 1969 his manager was Joe Glaser. According to records the first person to play jazz music was a man born in 1878, the legendary Buddy Bolden. The old-time musicians say that Buddy Bolden was â€Å"the first musician to start the big noise in Jazz. † They say he'd shine his cornet â€Å"till it glistened like a woman's legs†. Then he'd put his horn out the window and say to his band, â€Å"Let's call the children home†. He would blow and his children would come running. It has also been said that, â€Å"his trumpet could be heard all over New Orleans, and even acro ss the river in Algiers†.

Reading Comprehension Issues Can Negatively Impact Math...

Reading disabilities or reading comprehension issues can negatively impact math performance. In this lesson we will discuss the importance of connecting reading abilities with math so that students can benefit from a different approach to the subject. !!! Connecting Math and Reading â€Å"I don’t understand math.†, ‘’I hate word problems.†, â€Å"I don’t even know what the problem is asking!† If you are a math teacher, surely you have heard these comments, or some variation, from students more often than you would care to. Although you empathize, try to explain mathematical concepts in different ways, perhaps, you do not always get the positive result you were looking for which is for your students who struggle to overcome mathematical hurdles. Well, have you ever considered that their problem with math may be related to reading difficulties? With word problems which are sometimes called story problems, it may be sometimes easier for us teachers to make the connection between diminished math performance due to reading comprehension issues. With other types of math proficiencies, this math-reading connection may not be as evident, but it is still there and should be addressed so that students can overcome them. !!!Research Says†¦ Let’s continue our discussion on the importance of connecting reading and math with some facts. Research has shown that there is often a connection between reading comprehension and mathematics. As a matter of fact, a 2002 study titled: A Longitudinal StudyShow MoreRelatedSickle Cell Anemia Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesinherited disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the body is unable to produce normal hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein. 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