History Of Theatrical Illumination Essays - Lighting,

History Of Theatrical Illumination A History of Theatrical Illumination May 2, 2000 Contents Role of Illumination 2 Lighting as part of the theatrical experience. Development of Illumination 3 The evolution of lighting techniques and theatrical structures from candles to bulbs. Electricity 5 Electricity: its effects and advantages. Gadgets 7 Typical lighting devices of the 17th to 19th centuries. Illumination today 9 Contemporary methods as used in Cirque du Soleil's Dralion. Conclusion 10 Realizations surrounding the practical process that grew into a profound art Theater Essays

Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Essays

Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Essays Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Paper Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Paper This section is mainly based on putting my planning into action, hence all of the practical work and not a lot of written work. The averages in the table are recorded to the nearest cm. Observations My results table shows that as the height of the drop increases, so does the average bounce. This is illustrated in the table whereby at 50cm the average bounce height is 36. 6cm, and then at 120cm the average bounce height is 75. 2cm. If I take away the height of drop from the height of bounce I can see that for each height the energy lost in sound and heat is fairly similar each time the ball is dropped. Height of Drop (cm) Potential Energy. (J) Kinetic Energy (J) 50 1200 1200 60 1440 1440 70 1680 1680 80 1920 1920 90 2160 2160 100 2400 2400 110 2640 2640 120 2880 2880 I can see from my table on potential and kinetic energy that as the height increases the potential energy increases and as this increases so does the kinetic energy as more energy is been converted. Analysis My graph has a straight line of best fit, which suggests that my results are proportional. This means that whatever happens to one factor, it does the same to the other. In my experiment, as I increased the height of the drop, the height of the bounce increased as well; therefore my prediction was correct. This trend occurred, because the higher the ball was dropped the more potential energy it had. When the ball was dropped the potential energy was converted into kinetic energy and since energy can neither be created or destroyed, only converted it will move at a faster speed; therefore when the ball hit the bench some of the energy was transformed into sound and heat. The energy left after impact and the fact that the upward force is dominating the downward force causes the ball to be forced back up into the air. The more kinetic energy at the bottom, the more can be converted back into potential energy, therefore the ball bounces higher. There are no obvious anomalous results and there is strong positive correlation between the height of the drop and the height of the bounce, as the points are fairly close to the line of best fit. Evaluation My experiment went reasonably well and efficiently, due to the plan that I had drawn up beforehand. I received fairly reliable results from which I drew a firm conclusion. I would not alter the amount of results next time as I managed to gain a maximum outcome in the time selected. I think that the experiment was fair to some extent, because I controlled all other identified variables and only varied the height. However there were some problems that occurred, which fortunately did not affect the results dramatically; therefore there were no anomalies. I can see from my plan that I conducted a fair test, whereby I used a ruler as a marker each time to help in gaining more reliable results, I repeated the experiment three times and took five readings for each height, I kept the angle of the ruler constant each time, I used the same equipment each time, I kept the mass and the temperature constant each time and I dropped the ball on the same surface each time. The problems that occurred when doing this experiment were those, the ball didnt bounce in a straight line some of the time; therefore it was difficult to receive good readings. This was most likely to have been caused by the wooden bench being uneven and I could restrict this from occurring next time by using a spirit level. The results could have also been affected slightly, because there could have been a crack on the section of the bench where the ball was dropped. I could varnish the bench next time so that there arent going to be any cracks that are liable to affect the results next time. The ruler that I used as a marker was not as efficient as using a light beam or a video camera, because by using a light beam I would have been able to read off the readings more accurately and with a video camera I could record the experiment and then use pause to freeze the picture and then read off the values. I could extend my investigation further by doing the experiment again, under exactly the same conditions, but this time I would investigate how a different mass of ping-pong ball affects how high it bounces. Even though I havent varied the mass in this present experiment, by doing this extended investigation I can determine how mass may be another major factor, which might affect how high a ping-pong ball bounces. Accordingly I can progress further in this area of physics and this will help me in my understanding of this subject.

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Finance - Essay Example Purchases by store card went down from 134 in 1998 to 83 in 2005, thus reflecting a negative trend. However, this cannot be generalized as there was a negligible change in the years from 1998 to 2003, after which there seems to have been a steady downtrend. The total purchase on plastic cards showed a continuous and consistent growth during the period under study. From a figure of 3094 in 1998, the purchases grew to almost double or 6094 in 2005.There was also an increase in ATM and counter withdrawals, though the rise was not a steep one in the period under observation. For automatic transactions (e.g. direct debits, standing orders) there was a steady increase from 1998 to 2005, with the growth being faster in the period from 2003 to 2005.Payment by cheques , showed a negative growth from 2,988 in 1998 to 1,931 in 2005 i.e a reduction of almost 35%.Thus, there seems to have been a decline in the use of cheques for payments in the given period In 2005, the use of cash for transactions fell to 23,968 from 25,309 in 1998. Withdrawals from Post Offices also fell drastically in the period under observation. In 2005, it fell to almost 25% of the value as compared to 1998. While the total value of all transactions remained more or less the same till 2005, for the observation period, it grew marginally from 1998 to 2000, from 37,381 to 40,966.Thus, we can conclude that though there was not much change in the value of transactions from 1998 to 2005, the usage of plastic money, especially debit cards grew phenomenally in the given period. Cash transactions showed a negative trend and Post Office cash withdrawals went down drastically. We can also safely conclude that the group was moving from a credit society to a credit free one. People have realized the value of thrift and do not plunge blindly into credit card obligations. Instead, they spend through debit card, which draws upon the money already available in their account, and is also safer to carry around than cash. Thus, the consumer seems to have become wiser in the given period. Part B Briefly describe the financial planning model and outline what it is designed to achieve. Give an example of how the 'review' stage of financial planning might need to take into account a change in social and economic context and an example of how it might need to take into account the individual's life course. Financial plans are a means of achieving goals. Therefore, being clear about goals helps when working out financial plans. The following table shows how some goals can be achieved by financial planning. In each case, the financial plan provides a means of achieving a goal. Goal Financial plan Help the homeless Adjust pattern of spending Reduce debt worries Improve debt management Have some money to draw on in a crisis Build up an emergency fund Have a lump sum for specific projects Build up short-term savings Have a comfortable retirement Build up long-term savings Buy flat Save for a deposit Protect dependants Make a will Financial planning can take place in four stages. Stage 1 is to assess the situation, including the relative importance of different goals. Stage 2 is to decide on a financial plan, given goals and constraints. Then, Stage 3 is to act on the financial plan, and Stage 4 is to review the outcome of the

Summary of the film The lives of others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of the film The lives of others - Essay Example The film elicited criticism despite receiving widespread acclaim. Roger Ebert described the film as quiet while Wolf Biermann criticized it for lacking originality in its political details (The Guardian). However, the impeccable production of The Lives of Others attracted awards and nominations. The film was nominated for Australian Film Critics Association in the category the Best Overseas Film, BBC Four, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and European Film Academy. The movie also won awards in German Film Critics Association, Sarasota Film Festival, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Deutsche Film, and European film Academy (Nytimes.com). The purpose of this analysis is to highlight concerns of political power, cruelties, a vindictive administration, trust, love and mistrust that result into a tragic end in the film. The film deals with oppressive powerful regimes, but on a small scale level (Gritten, The Telegraph).The beginning of the film affirms the prevailing powerful regimes in East Berlin in 1984. The detention center of Stasi houses political informants to known details of all citizens and intervene in all possible controversies. Spying on Georg Dreyman affirms that the tension between the population and the government. The political power elicits trust and sacrifice concerns. A suffocating society has little room for expression and happiness (French, The Guardian). For example, the East Berlin bureaucrats do not disclose the real reasons for the surveillance of Dreyman. Wiesler sacrifices his position in the Stasi team after learning that Minister Bruno Hempf is coveting with her girlfriend, Christa. Wiesler uses mistrust to avoid the brutal administration. Donnersmarck’s production is an eye-opener to state assassinations and cruelties carried out under the guise of socialism (Gritten, The Telegraph). The dominant mood of a tragedy engulfs the film that shows a man,

Cardiac changes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cardiac changes - Essay Example This leads to enhanced impedance to left ventricular ejection, an elevated systolic arterial pressure, and consequent interstitial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy. Also, an aging person experiences a decline in the proportion of myocardial relaxation. The left ventricle takes a long time to relax, becomes stiffer, and also takes a longer time to fill in diastole. This enhances the significance of a correctly timed atrial contraction in adding to an ordinary left ventricular end-diastolic size. In addition, getting old is linked to enhanced sinoatrial node conduction duration and a decrease in the intrinsic heart rate. The reaction to postural modifications is different between youthful individuals and elderly people as cardiac productivity is controlled by rising heart rate in the youthful individuals, in contrast to the elderly people who depend on a rise in stroke capacity to balance. Also, for the aged individuals, all through exercise the tachycardic reaction is lessene d. Cardiac production is controlled by a rise in stroke capacity in a number of people, while in other individuals there is no compensation and the capacity of aerobics is lessened. Finally, physiologic aging causes a prolonged isotonic contraction and a diminished velocity of shortening (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2011). The Altered Presentation and Modifications of Therapy Therapies that lessen, prevent, or deal with blood clots have been significant in lessening cardiovascular mortality or morbidity. One, administration of low dose aspirin has prolonged advantage in managing and preventing popular cardiovascular diseases, for example, coronary artery disease. In addition, the administration of aspirin has been significant in the initial prevention of stroke and heart attack in high risk elderly patients. Two, there has been the utilization of anticoagulation with warfarin for avoidance of stroke peripheral venous issues of a tremendous forms of surgical practices in dif ferent clinical attempts. Chronic warfarin therapy diminishes the most dreaded problems of stroke in older patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Nonetheless, warfarin therapy needs recurrent blood tests for control of the dose (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, 2011). Three, older patients may undergo antihypertensive therapy. Antihypertensive therapy in older patients has been utilized for thiazide diuretics solely or together with beta blockers. Beta blockers or Thiazide diuretics have been recommended for therapy for elderly patients suffering from hypertension due to affordable costs and proven longevity advantages. Also, each drug dosage is usually regulated for disease-related and age modifications. Finally, there are therapies that have been modified to restore the sinus rhythm. This is usually taken into account in older patients with unusual cardiovascular function or atrial arrhythmias which is not easy to manage, or which is not of long-stand ing. Nonetheless, novel therapies are being established for specified signs that could offer better protection and easiness of utilization (American College of Cardiology, 2009). Identify Cardiovascular Diseases and Treatments As elderly individuals exist for long, they may suffer from a number of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, these people may suffer from a health condition that may lead to a different condition or damage if not adequately handled. There are a

Personal SWOT Analysis

Personal SWOT Analysis Introduction The process of creating my personal development plan (PDP) is a way to gain insight into where I am now and how to position myself to get to where I want to be. Having a PDP is more than having an ideal about a future job or career, it is about goal setting and creating a specific, measurable, realistic and time bound (SMART) road map about how to get there. Understanding the creation and use of PDPs is also, in itself, a useful skill to offer employers as personal development planning and objective setting are mainstays of human resource management in both the public and private sectors in the UK. At this time, my PDP is about getting me on the right track; while in the future achieving the identified objectives may well be necessary to achieve performance related pay and career progression. Commitment to the process of creating a workable PDP is therefore an important task. Where am I now? In terms of my performance on the degree so far, I have realised that I measure performance in a much broader sense than the grades that I have received in my coursework and examinations. Much of what I have learned at university so far has been about learning to manage time and commitments and ensure that I maximize the opportunities available to me. These opportunities include those afforded by my course, the university’s facilities, and also the opportunities that new friendships have brought. I have been pleased with my grades and consider myself to be on-track for a marketable 2:1; I have also received positive and helpful feedback from tutors. More pleasing has been the feeling of increased confidence in group situations with my peers that I have something to contribute and that I have the ability to influence and inspire others. This is particularly important to me as I do not simply aspire to a career in business but to achieve managerial and leadership responsibilitie s early in my career. From my SWOT analysis, the two things that I would identify as being critical to stop doing are spreading myself too thinly across too many interests and rushing onto the next project. The issue of spreading myself too thinly across a diverse range of extra curricular interests is important because, as stated, I have managerial and leadership ambitions. Membership of a wide array of groups and societies shows diversity of interests but it does not show depth and it is also hard to succeed in positions of responsibility within a group if you do not have the time to make a real commitment. The second issue, that of stopping rushing onto the next project is important for two key reasons. The first is that in rushing forward I have realized that I lose time to reflect, and reflection is critical in measuring project success or failure; secondly, in rushing forward, I can give a negative impression to peers that what I am doing now is less important than what I am going on to do[1]. In terms of what I plan to continue to do to maintain my performance, I have identified a good record of attendance at lectures and seminars and managing to keep up with the required reading. The primary reasons why I have identified these as critical factors would appear self-evident: I want to get value for money from my studies and to do this I need to attend lectures and seminars and ensure that I am sufficiently well prepared that I can follow lectures and contribute to seminars and tutorials. There is an additional factor too in that research has shown that attendance and success in coursework and examinations is positively correlated.[2] Brainstorming what I want to start doing brought up several items in my SWOT analysis. From this I have drawn out increasing employability by seeking internship and / or summer placement opportunities and also broadening my reading to develop a greater awareness of current affairs. I have identified the internship or placement as being critical as a successful placement would enable me to further fine tune my career plans in terms of sector sought and which aspects of business to focus on; it will also enhance my CV to future employers by showing that I was focused on my career before my final year. I have also identified broadening my reading as being critical as while I am passionate about business, research indicates that employers are seeking well-rounded candidates who are open minded and have an interest in the world around them[3]. Where am I going? My primary plan for what I hope to be doing within six months of graduating is to have successfully joined an established management training scheme. Having investigated the schemes available, I consider myself well-placed for those aimed at generalists, business specialists (operations / strategy), and also potentially schemes to develop future human resources managers. Given my broad interests in business, I would prefer a scheme that would give me exposure to a range of roles. I am particularly drawn to the MS Scheme, John Lewis Partnership Scheme, HMRC Talent Management Scheme, and also the NHS Graduate Management Training Scheme for these reasons. Given the prevailing economic climate and uncertainty about the health of the job market that I will be graduating into, I propose to a contingency plan of obtaining a place on an MSc Business programme. How do I get there? Action plan outlining three personal objectives for the next 12 months that will help me in my career. References Flannes, SW and G Levin (2005) Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Management Concepts. Stewart, J and V Knowles (2001) Graduate recruitment: implications for business and management courses in higher education. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25, 2-4, 98-108. Appendices Personal SWOT Analysis First Name last Name Contact address: House name, Any town, Postcode E-mail: [emailprotected] Â ¨ Mobile telephone: 00000 00000 Anytown High School Highlights of A/AS and GCSE results WORK Experience Dates Organisation and location Your Role Your Responsibilities and any special projects you were involved in or areas of the business that you found particularly interesting Skills developed during employment: time management skills, giving effective feedback, etc. How this job influenced your application for the type of work you are seeking with this CV. 1 Footnotes [1] Flannes and Levin (2005) highlight the need to show consistent commitment to projects throughout the project cycle rather than focusing on the next stage or next project. [2] See Colby (2004) [3] Stewart and Knowles (2001)

The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay -- psychology, drug

Addiction is the chronic and inappropriate use of a substance or activity that interferes with one’s daily life. Research has shown that addictive substances become engrained in the individual’s coping mechanism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective form of addiction’s treatment because it is an integrative approach that consists of multiple stages, views the individual as a whole, more effective than pharmacotherapy, and creates a healthy relationship with the therapist. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that teaches the individual new behavior patterns to break their old ineffective habits. Scientific research on addiction shows that those who suffer from substance dependency do not have the same capabilities as non-substance users. This can include the ability to think of the consequences of their actions, plan ahead and decision-making skill. (Simpson et al., 2011, p. 2). In CBT, a therapist must ensure that the client deve lops these skills and creates a functional concept of self through goals. The type of goals is typically depended on the therapist’s opinion. It is vital for the therapist to have self-awareness to a client’s substance dependency because their response to the substance or client will effect the treatment. The therapist should have supervision to ensure that the cognitive-behavior therapy is helping the client and it is not harming the therapist’s mental state. Psychotherapy is individualized for both therapists and clients, yet there are some clear stages and ideas in CBT. Cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the cycle of the ABC model, which consists of antecedents, behavior and consequences (Ryan, 2013, p.33). The antecedent is the event that takes place to cause ... ...iates Publishers. Hides, L., Samet, S., & Lubman, D. I. (2010). Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co-occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research. Drug & Alcohol Review, 29(5), 508-517. Ryan, F. (2013). Cognitive therapy for addiction: Motivation and change. Wiley-Blackwell. Simpson, D., Joe, G. W., Dansereau, D. F., & Flynn, P. M. (2011). Addiction treatment outcomes, process and change: Texas Institute of Behavioral Research at Texas Christian University. Addiction, 106(10), 1733-1740. Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide (Third Edition) (December 2012). Retrieved November 8, 2013, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral.